Present Tense Simple ('navadni' sedanji čas) je čas, s katerim:
1 izražamo splošno resnico (The Sun rises in the East),
2 opisujemo dnevno rutino, navade in običaje (Jane always eats breakfast).
Pri tem uporabljamo besede, kot so: always (vedno), never (nikoli), sometimes (včasih),rarely (redko), seldom (redko), usually (ponavadi), often (pogosto), regularly (redno), every day (vsak dan), occasionally (občasno) in podobne.
Paziti moramo na glagolsko končnico –s, ki jo dodamo, kadar govorimo o neki 3. osebi (3rd Person Singular), torej kadar uporabljamo osebne zaimke he, she ali it, oziroma ko govorimo o osebah, predmetih ali pojmih, ki jih s temi besedami lahko zamenjamo, npr.:
Bob likes ice-cream./He likes ice-cream.
Pri tvorbi vprašalnih oblik si pomagamo z besedicama do (pri I, you, we, they) oziroma does (pri he, she, it):
Do you like ice-cream?
Does Bob/he like ice-cream?
POZOR! Kadar uporabimo does, glagol izgubi končnico –s!
Tudi pri tvorbi nikalnih oblik uporabimo do oziroma does: do not /does not.
Ti obliki lahko skrajšamo: do + not / don't; does + not / doesn't.
They do not like ice-cream. / They don't like ice-cream.
She does not like ice-cream. / She doesn't like ice-cream.
ŠE EN POZOR!
Tudi pri nikalni obliki velja, da glagol pri 3. os. ed. (he, she, it) nima končnice!
Past Tense Simple ('navadni' pretekli čas) je čas, s katerim povemo, kaj se je zgodilo oziroma končalo v preteklosti.
Pri tem lahko uporabimo besede, kot so: yesterday (včeraj), last week (prejšnji teden), in 1971 (leta 1971), 5 years ago (pred petimi leti) in podobne.
Paziti moramo na glagolsko končnico –ed:
Walk + ed / walked (We walked home yesterday.)
watch + ed / watched (She watched TV last night.)
Nekateri glagoli se nekoliko spremenijo, kadar jim dodamo končico –ed:
live / lived
like /liked
study / studied
worry / worried
Ali lahko sam/a ugotoviš, kakšne so te spremembe oziroma izjeme v črkovanju? Preveri svoj dogovor:
1 Glagolom, ki se v nedoločniku (osnovni obliki) končajo na –e, dodamo samo –d
2 Glagolom, ki se v nedoločniku končajo na –y, dodamo –ied, -y pa izpustimo.
Vsi glagoli pa v pretekliku ne dobijo končnice –ed, ampak imajo drugačno obliko. Tem glagolom pravimo, da so nepravilni (irregular verbs):
be – was, were
see – saw
run – ran
take - took,
In kako veš, kateri glagoli so pravilni (dobijo končnico –ed) in kateri nepravilni?
Nanje te bom sproti opozarjal, treba pa se jih bo naučiti.
Nikalne in vprašalne oblike v času Past Tense Simple tvorimo s pomočjo pomožnega glagola did:
Did you walk home yesterday? / We didn't walk home yesterday.
Did she watch TV last night? / She didn't watch TV last night.
POZOR! V vprašalnih in nikalnih povedih ima glagol obliko nedoločnika, saj nam že did pove, da imamo opravka s preteklim časom.
In še: tudi did in not lahko skrajšamo:
Did + not / didn't.
Complete the text, using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets (Present Simple or Past Simple). Type the words in the boxes.
Dopolni besedilo s pravilno obliko glagolov v oklepaju (Present Simple ali Past Simple). Besede napiši v okvirčke.
Past Simple in Past Continuous
Past Simple
ZGRADBA
Trdilna oblika
I visited my grandma yesterday.
She saw an old friend last week.
Nikalna oblika
I didn’t visit my grandma yesterday.
She didn’t see an old friend last week.
Vprašalna oblika
Did I visit my grandma yesterday?
Did she see an old friend last week?
RABA
I ate two apples yesterday evening.
She cleaned her flat.
I locked the camper, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
She arrived from the airport at 7 o’clock, checked into the hotel at 8 o’clock, and went to bed at 9.
Past Continuous
ZGRADBA
Trdilna oblika
I was standing outside and watching the people.
They were playing basketball yesterday at four.
Nikalna oblika
I wasn't standing outside and watching the people.
They weren’t playing basketball yesterday at four.
Vprašalna oblika
Was I standing outside and watching the people?
Were they playing football?
RABA
1. Past Continuous izraža dejanje, ki je potekalo v določenem trenutku v preteklosti.
I was having a shower at eight o’clock yesterday.
Karen was walking to school at 8.30 this morning.
2. Past Continuous izraža daljše dejanje v preteklosti, ki je bilo prekinjeno z nekim drugim dejanjem.
He was skiing when he fell and hurt his leg.
They were playing cards when Jim came.
3. Ko uporabimo Past Continuous pri dveh dejanjih v isti povedi, pomeni, da sta ti dejanji potekali istočasno, vzporedno.
While James was washing the car, his wife was cleaning the house.
While Tom was reading, Phil was watching television.
Read the sentences and make a tick or type in word(s) (adverbs of frequency) to make it true for you.
Kakšna je tvoja vsakdanja rutina? Preberi povedi in napravi kljukico, če veljajo tudi zate, oziroma vpiši besedo/besede (prislove pogostnosti), da bo trditev veljala tudi zate.
I never get up before 6.30 in the morning. |
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I always have breakfast before going to school. |
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I sometimes forget my homework. |
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I occasionally have lunch at school. |
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I usually do my homework right after school. |
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I rarely need help to do my homework. |
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Every Saturday, I go to the cinema with my friends. |
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I never surf on the internet late at night. |
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I often talk to my friends on the phone. |
Look at previous exercise again and write your answers, using longer sentences. Use and or but to join two short sentences into a long one. Write the sentences in your notebook and show them to your teacher.
Ponovno si oglej prejšnjo nalogo in odgovore zapiši v daljših povedih. Za tvorbo daljše povedi iz dveh krajših uporabi and ali but. Povedi zapiši v zvezek in jih pokaži učitelju.