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Navodila
HISTORY SHAPES THE COUNTRY
Read the first part of the text and choose a word that best completes it.
Slovenia is a young state from the global perspective, yet its history dates as far back as the 6th century AD, when the Slavs migrated from the Carpathians to Slovenia’s present territory. A century later they founded a principality called ‘Carantania' that existed till it came under the rule of the Franks. The Slavs, who were originally pagan, were converted
{to;in;by}
Christianity in the 9th century.
Slovenes remained under German domination all through the Medieval Period, during which time trade thrived and towns were set
{up;on;in}
. Slovene peasants endured years of turmoil in the late 15th and 16th centuries, for there were many rebellions and all of them failed
{through;out;down}
. To make those years even harder, the Turks stormed into Slovenia several times, but were finally crushed at the end of the 16th century. Meanwhile, Europe was unsettled
{by;in;with}
the Reformation, and the Slovenes were not bypassed. The most prominent figure of that time was Primož Trubar, the author of the first printed Slovene language book. Protestantism, however, was crushed and the Catholic Counter-Reformation successfully reconverted the nation.
From the 14th century onward, Slovenia's present-day territory was under the Habsburgs and in the 18th century Slovenes were still under the rule of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The greatest change of that time was the growth of the industry and a school reform carried
{out;on;away}
by the Empress Maria Theresa
{who;whose;that}
introduced public schools.
Match the words from the text with their synonyms.
thrive
prosper
unsettled
troubled
linger
wait
prominent
important
Število napačnih:
0
Summarize the first part of the text before you listen to its continuation. Use these expressions and keywords below:
the Slavs, Carantania, the Franks, the Turks, the Habsburgs
KEYWORDS
migrate
rebellions
come under the rule of
pagan
convert to
under German domination
the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Till Napoleon's defeat in 1814, Slovenes could use their
mother_tongue
in schools.
In
1848
, Europe was shaken by a series of political upheavals.
In May 1945, Slovenia was
liberated
.
88.5% people voted for
independence
.
Slovene partisans fought the Germans as well as anti-
communists
.
WORDS TO REMEMBER
principality = (n.) a state ruled by a prince pagan = (n.) a person with religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions turmoil = (n.) a state of great confusion or uncertainty fall through = (phrasal verb) fail, come to nothing bypass = (v.) go around or past upheaval = (n.) a violent or sudden change of something
AUDIO SCRIPT
In the first decade of the 19th century, Napoleon wanted to close access to the Adriatic Sea for Austrians, so he seized a part of its territory and called it the ‘Illyrian Provinces.’ For a short period, till Napoleon’s defeat in 1814, Slovenes could use their mother tongue in schools. This century is notable for the expansion of Slovene literature, with France Prešeren leading the way. In 1848, Europe was shaken by a series of political upheavals, Slovenians called for autonomy and the use of Slovene in schools and administration. The Emperor turned them down, but the idea of autonomy lingered on among members of political parties that were born at the turn of the 20th century. The end of World War I meant the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Slovenes, together with Croats and Serbs, formed a new state under Serbian King Peter I.
Europe was hit with the start of World War II, and in 1941 the Germans invaded Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Slovene partisans fought the Germans, as well as anti-communists who called themselves ‘domobranci.’ The latter collaborated with the Germans to restrain the expansion of communism. In May 1945, Slovenia was liberated and the partisans took the lives of hundreds of collaborators. Slovenia became one of six federal republics of Yugoslavia, led by Tito. Decades of industrial development and a rise in living standards followed, but in the 1980s, after Tito’s death, Yugoslavia’s nations began tearing apart. Many Slovenes were not in favour of how resources leaked from them to less prosperous parts of the federal state. In the referendum on 26th December 1990, 88.5% people voted for independence, and on 25th June 1991 the Slovene parliament declared Slovenia independent.